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1. Listening Comprehension

1~4) Listen to the following and answer the question.

1) Who developed hashcash, a proof-of-work scheme for spam control?

2) What were the first proposals for distributed digital scarcity-based cryptocurrencies?

3) What vulnerability did Nick Szabos bit gold proposal face according to the passage?

4) What did Frank read in the New York Times?

2. Grammar

1) In the following examples, which example is used differently regarding the use of it?

2) Which words are appropriate in parentheses in the following sentence?

3) Which word is most appropriate in p

º»¹®/³»¿ë
1. Listening Comprehension

1~3) Listen to the following and answer the question.

Pre-history
Prior to the release of bitcoin there were a number of digital cash technologies starting with the issuer based e-cash protocols of David Chaum and Stefan Brands. Adam Back developed hashcash, a proof- of-work scheme for spam control. The first proposals for distributed digital scarcity based cryptocurrencies were Wei Dai¡¯s b-money and Nick Szabo¡¯s bit gold. Hal Finney developed reusable proof of work(RPOW) using hashcash as its proof of work algorithm. In the bit gold proposal which proposed a collectible market based mechanism for inflation control, Nick Szabo also investigated some additional aspects including a Byzantine fault-tolerant agreement protocol based on quorum addresses to store and transfer the chained proof-of-work solutions, which was vulnerable to Sybil attacks, though.

1)Who developed hashcash, a proof-of-work scheme for spam control?
¨ç David Chaum
¨è Stefan ¡¦(»ý·«)
Âü°í¹®Çå
Å×½ºÆ®¿µ¾î¿¬½À, À̵¿±¹¡¤ÀÌ¿øÁÖ, ÃâÆÇ¹®È­¿ø, 2020.



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