Biofilms, 바이오필름 [영문리포트]

1. What are Biofilms

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). They can be found in a variety of environments, both natural and artificial, including rivers, oceans, soil, pipes, and even on medical devices. The formation of biofilms begins when free-floating microorganisms, such as bacteria, algae, or fungi, settle on a surface. This initial attachment is often reversible, but as cells begin to proliferate, they produce EPS, which facilitates irreversible adhesion and promotes the aggregation of more microbial cells in the vicinity. The EPS matrix is primarily composed of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, providing structural stability and protection to the microorganisms within the biofilm. This matrix not only shields the cells from physical stresses, such as shear forces from flowing liquids, but also provides a barrier against antimi
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