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¼º°úôµµÀÇ ¿ä°ÇÀ¸·Î OECD(1995c: 103~104)´Â: (1) ´Ü¼ø¡¤Çٽɼº(´Ü¼øÇϸ鼵µ ÇÙ½É ¼º°ú¸¦ ÃøÁ¤); (2) ÃæºÐ¼º(¼º°úÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ºÎºÐÀ» Æ÷°ý); (3) æ½±â´É(¼º°úÃøÁ¤À» ÀǽÄÇÑ °ü¸®ÀÚÀÇ °ø°ø¼ºñ½º ¿Ö°î) ¹èÁ¦¼º µî 3°¡Áö¸¦ µé°í ÀÖ´Ù. æ½±â´É Áß Æ¯È÷ ¼º°ú°¡ µÎµå·¯Áö´Â ºÐ¾ß¿¡ Ä¡ÁßÇÏ´Â `creaming`Çö»óÀº ôµµÀÇ ÃæºÐ¼ºÀ» È®º¸ÇØ¾ß ÃÖ¼ÒȵȴÙ(Wholey and Hatry, 1992: 605). À̹ۿ¡ ¼º°úôµµ´Â: (1) Ÿ´ç¼º°ú ½Å·Ú¼º; (2) ¸íÈ®¼º°ú ÃøÁ¤ °¡´É¼º; (3) ºñ±³°¡´É¼º; (4) °ü¸®ÀÚÀÇ ÅëÁ¦°¡´É¼º(èâÝ»¿äÀο¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿µÇâ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ) µî ¿ä°ÇÀ» °®Ãß¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ä°ÇÀ» µÎ·ç °®Ãá ôµµ´Â ã±â ¾î·Á¿ì¸ç, ÀÌ´Â °ð ¼º°úôµµÀÇ ¡¦(»ý·«)
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¹Ú³ëÈ£(1998), ¡°±¹Á¦Àü¹®Àη ¾ç¼º»ç¾÷ Æò°¡¼³¹® °á°úºÐ¼®,¡± ¿¹»êû ÁÖ°ü 30´ë ÁßÁ¡°ü¸®»ç¾÷ ȸÀÇÀÚ·á.
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