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1. ¿°»öü ±¸Á¶
2. ¼¼Æ÷ºÐ¿ (cell division)
1) À¯»çºÐ¿(mitosis)
2) °¨¼öºÐ¿ (meiosis, reduction division)
3. ¿°»öü ±â¹ý (techniques of chromosome study)
1) Ç¥º»Á¦ÀÛ ¹æ¹ý
2) ÀÚ±â¹æ»ç¹ý (autoradiography)
3) ¿°»öü ºÐ¿°¹ý (differential staining methods)
4) °íÁ¤µµ ºÐ¿°¹ý (high-resolution banding)
4. ÀÎü ¿°»öüÀÇ ºÐ·ù
1) ¿°»öüÀÇ ±ÔÁ¤
2) ÀÎüÇÙÇü (karyotype)
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¼¼Æ÷ºÐ¿ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ °üÂûµÇ´Â ¿°»öü(chromosome = chromo;color, some;body)´Â ¿°±â¼º »ö¼Ò¿¡ £°Ô ¿°»öµÇ´Â ±¸Á¶¹°·Î¼ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ °ñ°Ý±¸Á¶¿¡ DNA¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. DNAÀÇ ºÐÀýÀº À¯Àü´ÜÀ§ÀÎ À¯ÀüÀÚ·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡´Â ¾à 3¸¸°³ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ¿°»öü¿¡ ¼±»óÀ¸·Î ¹è¿µÇ¾î ÁÂÀ§(locus)¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â Á¤È®ÇÑ À§Ä¡¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. À̵é ÁÂÀ§´Â ü¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 2°³ÀÇ »óµ¿¿°»öüÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô ¸¶·ÃÀε¥, À̸¦ ´ë¸³ÀÎÀÚ(allele, allelomorph)¶ó ÇÏ¿© ±× ´ë¸³ÀÎÀÚ°¡ ÁúÀ̳ª ¾çÀûÀ¸·Î °°À¸¸é µ¿ÇüÁ¢ÇÕ(homozygous), ´Ù¸¦ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌÇüÁ¢ÇÕ(heterozygous)À̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿°»öü¿¡µµ À§Ä¡¸¦ ´Þ¸®ÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϴµ¥ ÀÌµé µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿°»öü¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀÚµéÀ» ¿¬°ü(linkage)ÇÑ´Ù°í Çϸç, »ýÈÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºÀ» ´Þ¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
À¯ÀüÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ÇüÁúÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â À¯ÀüÇü(genotype)°ú Ç¥ÇöÇü(phenotype)À¸·Î Ç¥½ÃÇϴµ¥, À¯ÀüÇüÀº À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í, Ç¥ÇöÇüÀº À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶Àû, »ýÈÇÐÀû ¶Ç´Â »ý¸®ÀûÀΠǥÇö½Çü¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¼¼Æ÷À¯ÀüÇÐ(cytogenetics)Àº ¿°»öüÀÇ Çö¹Ì°æÀû Çö»óÀ» °üÂûÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷ºÐ¿ °úÁ¤¿¡ °¢ °³Ã¼¡¦(»ý·«)
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Arrighi FE, Hsu TC. Localization of heterochromatin in human chromosomes. Cytogenetics 10:81-86, 1971.
Bobrow M, Madan K, Pearson, PL. Staining of some specific regions of human chromosomes, particularly the secondary constriction of No. 9. Nature New Biol. 238:122-124, 1972.
Bobrow M, Madan K. The effects of various banding procedures on human chromosomes studied with acridine orange. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics12:145-156, 1973.
Caspersson T, Zech L, Johansson C. Differential banding of alkylating fluorochromes in human chromosomes. Exp Cell Res. 60:315-319, 1970.
Dev VG; Warburton D, Miller OJ, Miller DA, Erlanger BF, Beiser SM. Consistent pattern of binding of anti-adenosine antibodies to human metaphase chromosomes. Exp Cell Res. 74:288-293, 1972.
Dutrillaux B, Lejeune J. Sur une novelle technique d`analyse du caryotype human. C R Acad Sci Paris 272:2638-2640, 1971.
Dutrillaux B. Nouveau systeme de marquage chromosomique: Les bands T. Chromosoma 41:395-402, 1973.
Howell WM, Denton TE, Diamond JR. Differential staining of the satellite regions of human acrocentric chromosomes. Experientia 31:260-262, 1975.
Latt SA. Microfluorometric detection of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in human metaphase chromosomes. Proc Nat Acad Sci. US 70:3395-3399, 1973.
Sahastrabuddhe CG, Pathak S, Hsu TC. Responses of mammalian metaphase chromosomes to endonuclease digestion. Chromosoma 69:331-338, 1978.
Schweizer D, Ambros P, Andrle M. Modification of DAPI banding on human chromosomes by prestaining with a DNA-binding oligopeptide, antibiotic distamycin A. Exp Cell Res. 111:327-332, 1978.