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학습과 기억의 심경심리학적 분석
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자료설명
뇌손상으로 인한 기억장애를 보이는 환자들을 대상으로 신경심리학(neuropsychology)적 연구결과들을 중점적으로 개관하였다.
학습과기억
학습과기억
본문/내용
6. 의미기억과 일화기억
의미기억과 일화기억의 뇌생리적 기초를 살펴보기 전에 의미/일화기억의 구분과 외현/암묵기억의 구분 사이의 관계에 대해서 먼저 고려해야 할 문제가 있다. Tulving[31]은 일화기억이 특정한 시공간적 맥락에서 자신 또는 특정인의 주변에 일어났던 사건들에 관한 기억인 반면 의미기억은 시공간적 맥락에 구애되지 않는, 세상에 대한 일반적인 지식과 언어적인 지식 등으로서 두 가지가 서로 상호작용하지만 독자적인 기억체계라고 제안했다. 그리고 기억상실 증후군은 의미기억은 정상이면서 일화기억만이 선택적으로 결손된 증세라고 생각되었다[50, 51, 52, 53]. 애초에 Tulving[31]은 일화기억, 의미기억 모두를 명제적 기억(propositional memory)의 하위체계로 분류했었다. 명제적 기억은 절차적 기억(procedural memory)과 근본적으로 다른 기억으로서, 전자의 경우 정보가 명제의 형태로 저장되는 반면 후자의 경우 정보가 명제가 아닌 어떤 형태로 저장된다고 가정된다[54, 55]. 명제적 기억과 절차적 기억의 구분은 위에서 살펴본 외현기억과 암묵기억의 구분과 거의 일치하는 것으로 볼 수 있는데, 그렇다면 Tulving[31]은 일화기억과 의미기억을 둘다 외현기억으로 분류했던 셈이 된다. 그런데 최근에 들어서 Tulving[1, 56]은 적어도 정보의 인출의 면에서는 의미기억을 암묵기억의 일종으로 간주하고 있는 듯하다. 그 이유들 중의 하나는 기억상실 증후군 환자들이 비록 아주 느리기는 하지만, 그리고 언제 어디서 획득했는지 의식적으로 회상하지는 못하지만 새로운 의미기억을 획득할 수 있다는 연구결과들[56, 57, 58, 59] 때문이다. 이러한 입장에 따르면 일화기억은 외현기억과 유사하게 되고, 의미기억은 암묵기억의 일종이 된다.
그런데 일화/의미기억의 구분을 다른 시각에서 보는 견해도 많다. Baddeley[4]는 많은 일화기억이 축적되어 구성…
그런데 일화/의미기억의 구분을 …
그런데 일화/의미기억의 구분을 …
참고문헌
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[14] T. Shallice & E. M. Saffran. `Lexical processing in the absence of explicit word identification. Evidence from a letter-by-letter reader.` Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3, 429-458, 1986.
[15] E. K. Warrington & M. James. `Tachistoscopic number estimation in patients with unilateral cerebral lesions.` Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 30, 468-474, 1967.
[16] E. De Renzi & P. Nichelli. `Verbal and nonverbal short term memory impairment following hemispheric damage.` Cortex, 11, 341-353, 1975.
[17] R. A. McCarthy & E. K. Warrington. Cognitive Neuropsychology. A Clinical Introduction. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 1990.
[18] E. K. Warrington, V. Logue, & R. T. C. Pratt. `The anatomical localisation of selective impairment of auditory verbal short-term memory.` Neuropsychologia, 9, 377-387, 1971.
[19] E. K. Warrington, M. Galton, & C. Maciejewski. `The WAIS as a lateralising and localising diagnostic instrument: a study of 656 patients with unilateral cerebral lesions.` Neuropsychologia, 24, 223-240, 1985.
[20] E. Paulesu, C. D. Frith, & R. S. J. Frackowiak. `The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory.` Nature, 362, 342-345, 1993.
[21] M. Kinsbourne & E. K. Warrington. `The localising significance of limited simultaneous form perception.` Brain, 85, 697-702, 1963.
[22] E. K. Warrington & P. Rabin. `Visual span of apprehension in patients with unilateral cerebral lesions.` Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 423-431, 1971.
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