본문/내용
위와 같이 정의된 정책체제는 개념적으로 제도(Institution)의 일종이라고 할 수 있다. 정치·행정현상에 있어서 제도가 중요한 역할을 차지한다는 것은 최근 활발히 논의가 확산되고 있는 제도주의의 기본 논지인데(March and Olsen, 1984; DiMaggio and Powell, forthcoming), 여기서 제도란 대체로 조직의 제반 특성과 아울러 정책결정자들의 행위 및 그들간의 관계를 정의하는 규범이나 규칙등을 모두 포함하는 개념으로 이해된다(Ikenberry, 1988). 따라서 정책체제라는 관점에서 정책현상을 분석한다는 것은 기본적으로 제도주의의 입장을 취하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 논자에 따라 신제도주의라고 부르는 경우도 있으며 그냥 제도주의라고 부르는 경우도 있으나, 여기서는 구별없이 제도주의라고 칭하기로 한다.
Ikenberry(1988)는 제도주의적 접근방법에 입각한 분석에 있어서의 전제들로서 다음과 같은 점들을 제시하였다. 첫째, 제도는 개인 또는 집단들이 갖는 선호, 이해관계 및 세력등을 근본적으로 제약하며 때로는 그것들 자체를 형성하기도 한다. 둘째, 제도는 일단 확립되고 나면 그 형성배경이 되었던 환경조건들이 달라진다 하더라도 쉽게 …
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