본문/내용
중상주의 정책의 지대추구이론적 설명과 이에 대한 비판
오늘날 중상주의 연구의 고전으로 꼽히고 있는 헥셔의 「중상주의」는 2권으로 구성된, 본문만 811쪽에 달하는 방대한 분량의 책인데, 헥셔는 이 중 제1권(총 474쪽)을 중상주의 국가가 추구한 대내적 경제통일 정책과 산업규제(industrial regulation)의 배경과 과정 및 결과를 설명하고 분석하는 데 할애하고 있다. 이런 면에서 스미스의 「국부론」제4권이 이 시대의 무역정책에 관한 자료와 연구의 보고라고 한다면, 헥셔의 책 제1권은 이 시대의 규제에 대한 자료와 연구의 보고라 할만하다.
이처럼 헥셔가 이 시대의 산업규제 및 경제규제에 큰 비중을 두어 다루고 있음에도 불구하고, 이 문제는 중상주의 논쟁에서 별다른 주목의 대상이 되지 못하고 논쟁의 핵심에서도 비껴나 있었다. 중상주의 시대가 중세말과 자유방임시대의 여명기의 중간에 위치해, 정치적으로는 중세봉건제후, 그리고 자율권을 지닌 중세도시(medieval towns)가 실질적으로 국가권력을 분할·행사함으로써, 명목에 불과했던 군주(monarchs)가 국왕으로서 절대주권을 확립하고 국가권력의 중앙집권화를 통해 근대적 국민국가(nation-states)를 형성해 가던 시대였고, 경제적으로는 신대륙의 발견과 함께 무역과 상업이 융성하고 신흥자본가계급(부르조아)이 급성장한 자본주의의 맹아기였던 점을 상기해 볼 때 중상주의의 이 측면이 정당한 대접을 받지 못한 것은 좀처럼 납득하기 어렵다.
여기에는 다른 이유가 있을지 모르나, 이 시대의 경제규제에 대한 학문적 관심이 부족했고 이를 분석할 적절한 이론적 시각이 결여되었던 것이 역시 가장 중요한 이유가 아닐까 생각된다. 우선 헥셔는 그의 책 1권에서 중상주의 국가의 경제통일 노력과 산업규제와 관련된 방대한 자료를 집적하고 있으나, 어떤 문제의식 하에 이 문제
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