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자료설명

최근의 분자유전학의 발달은 가축의 생산성 향상과 신종 가축을 만들 수 있는 능력을 연구자에게 부여해 주고 있다. 생명현상에 대한 광범위한 이해를...

본문/내용

최근의 분자유전학의 발달은 가축의 생산성 향상과 신종 가축을 만들 수 있는 능력을 연구자에게 부여해 주고 있다. 생명현상에 대한 광범위한 이해를 바탕으로 한 인위적인 유전자조작과, 개체의 유전능력을 정확하게 파악하여 유전자변형 또는 관리에 의해 가축생산성의 효율을 높이는 것을 광범위한 의미의 동물유전공학이라 할 수 있겠다. 이러한 가축의 유전공학은 가축의 생산성 향상을 위한 유전자조작과 관리측면에서 크게 두 가지 측면의 적용분야를 들 수 있겠는데, 우선 개체가 가지고 있는 유전자를 직접 조작하여 새로운 특성을 가지는 동물을 생산하는 형질전환기술분야와 개체나 집단 내에 존재하는 기존의 유전자자원을 가장 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 기술을 개발하는 유전자 다형 기술 개발과 나아가 유전자 지도 작성 및 이용 등으로 대별된다. 형질전환 동물 생산이 가능해 지면서 가축의 인위적인 성장 조절과 질병저항성 계통의 육성이 실현될 가능성이 높아졌으며, 가축자체를 생물반응기(bioreactor)로 새로운 물질 합성의 장소로 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 형질전환 가축 및 가금의 이용성은 무한한 가치를 지닌다고 할 수 있으며, 고부가가치의 동물성 단백질 생산에 많은 기여를 할 것이다. 또한 전통적인 육종방법인 선발과 교배를 통한 우수 유전자원의 이용방법은, 중요한 유전적 특성을 특정 DNA부위의 특징과 연관시켜 DNA표지인자를 이용한 선발이용(MAS, marker-assisted selection)하는 방법으로 발전될 것이다. 또한 개체간의 DNA부위의 차이를 이용한 유전자지도 작성과 유전자의 기능 파악을 목적으로 하고 있는 유전자 지도 작성연구는 전세계적으로 다양한 종류의 생물을 포함하여 진행되고 있으므로 머지않아 인류가 유전자를 부분적으로 지배할 수 있는 기술을 얻게 될 것이며 이러한 기술은 가축의 생산성 향상과 개량에도 지대한 공헌을 할 것이다.

참고문헌


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