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세계화의 배경과 경쟁
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자료설명
WTO는 1993년 12월 우루과이 라운드(Uruguay Round) 다자간무역협정의 타결로 GATT 체제를 대신하여 창설된 새로운 국제무역기...
본문/내용
WTO는 1993년 12월 우루과이 라운드(Uruguay Round) 다자간무역협정의 타결로 GATT 체제를 대신하여 창설된 새로운 국제무역기구이다. 그런데 WTO 창설의 산파적 역할을 담당한 일부 선진국들은 이 WTO 창설을 회원국 국민경제의 세계적 통합화에 그 목적을 두고 있다고 볼 수 있다.
WTO는 회원국 국민경제의 세계화를 도모하기 위하여 법인격의 지위를 보유하고 있으며 그 기능상 필요한 사법적 기능을 가지고 있다. WTO는 이 기능을 통해 회원간에 발생되는 무역분쟁을 해결할 수 있다(Deng, 1998). 그리고 WTO는 우루과이 라운드 최종협정 중 ‘분쟁해결규칙 및 질서에 관한 협정’에 따라 무역분쟁을 해결할 수 있는 권한과 능력을 가지고 있다. WTO는 그 기구산하에 분쟁해결기구를 두고 있다.
WTO 체제는 상품교역뿐만 아니라 서비스, 지적재산권, 무역정책검토제도, 복수국가간무역 등 광범위한 분야를 관장하고 있기 때문에 회원국 경제의 세계화에 박차를 가할 수 있다.
종래 GATT 체제는 회원국간의 분쟁에 대해 국제법 상 구속력을 행사할 수 없었고 다만 권유적 역할만 수행했을 따름이다. 따라서 GATT는 가맹국간의 무역분쟁을 해결할 수 있는 권한과 능력이 미약했다고 볼 수 밖에 없다.
GATT의 관장분야는 주로 상품교역분야에만 한정되었던 것이다. 그리고 GATT는 체계성이 미비한 불안전한 국제경제기구에 지나지 않았던 것이 사실이다. 그런데 WTO는 이와는 달리 정식 세계경제기구로 창설되었기 때문에 회원국 경제를 세계경제로 통합시키는 데 견인적 역할을 수행하고 있는 것이 사실이다.
세계 각국의 경제를 하나의 세계경제로 통합시키는 데 견인적 혹은 규범적 역할을 수행하는 것이 WTO 협정이다. 이 협정은 각국 경제의 세계화를 저해하는 대부분의 장애요인을 제거한 세계적 통상규범이다. WTO 협정은 우루과이 라운드 다자간무역협상에 따라 체결된 것이다.
WTO 체제가 가맹국 경제의 세계화를 촉진시키고 나가고 …
WTO 체제가 가…
WTO 체제가 가…
참고문헌
Aaker, D.(1989). Managing Assets and Skills: The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage. California Management Review: 91106.
Bank of England.(1982). Measures of Competitiveness. Bank of England Quarterly. 369-37 5.
Borrmann, W. A.(1986). Strategic Resource Management: Securing International Competitio n through Competitive Resources. European Approaches to International Management: 275283.
Boynton, A. C.(1993). New Competitive Strategies: Challenges to Organizations and Inform ation Technology. IBM Systems Journal 32(1): 40-64.
Business Aspects of the Uruguay Round Agreements. International Trade Forum(2): 2-9.
Chase, Nancy(1998). Going Global. Quality 37(3): 32-36.
Clegg, J.(1987). Multinational Enterprise and World Competition: A Comparative Study of U. S. A., Japan, the U. K., Swede, and West Germany. New York: St. Martin`s Press.
Dadd, C. M.(1998). The Outlook for the Telecommunications Industry and the Implications for the Economy and for Business. Business Economics 33(1): 14-17.
Daniel D. E. Rounds(1995). The Mexican Peso Crisis. http://psirus.sfsu.edu/IntRel/IRJournal /su96/Rounds.html.
Day, G. S. and Robin W.(1998). Assesssing Advantage: A Framework for Diagnosing Com petitive Superiority. Journal of Marketing(52): 1-20.
Dean, J.(1998). Why Left-wing Moralists and Right-wing Academics are Wrong about Asi a. Challenge 41(2): 44-60.
Deng, Ping(1998). Impact of GATT Uruguay Round on Various Industries. American Busi ness Review 16(2): 22-29.
Duffey, J.(1988). Competitiveness and Human Resources. California Management Review: 6 0-72.
Elizabeth Martinez and Arnoldo Garcia. What is `Neo-Liberalism`?. http://www.corpwatch. org/trac/corner/glob/neolib.html.
Falconer, C.(1996). Globalization, Trade and Competition. OECD Observer(201): 6-9.
Garcia, D. L.(1995). Networking and the Rise of Electronic Commerce: The Challenge for Public Policy. Business Economics 30(4): 7-14.
Gaughan, Laura(1998). WTO Agreement opens Access to World Markets. Canadian Banke r 105(1): 6-7.
Grant, R.(1991). The Resource-based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for St rategy Formulation. California Management Review: 114-135.
Gareen, C.(1995). Globalization, Borderless Worlds, and the Tower of Babel: Metaphors go ne away. Journal of Organizational Change Management 8(4): 55-68.
Gruber, W. Mehta, D. and Vernon, R.(1967). The R & D Factor in International Trade a nd International Investment of United States. Journal of Political Economy 25(1): 20-3 7.
Hayter, R.(1998). Reflections on China`s open Policy towards Foreign Direct Investment. R egional Studies 32(1): 1-16.
Heckscher, E. F.(1919). The Effect of Foreign Trade on the Distribution of Income. Ekono mik Tidskrift 11: 1-32 ; Ohlin, B.(1933). Interregional and International Trade. Cambridg e: Harvard University Press.
Hilke, J. C. and Philip, B. N.(1988). U. S. International Competitiveness: Evolution or Revol ution. New York: Praeger.
Hofstede, G.(1980). Culture`s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Valu es, Beverly Hills, California: Sage.
Hufbauer G. C.(1965). Synthetic Materials and the Theory of International Trade. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd.
Kalinova, B.(1998). Trade Liberalization in the Transition Economies. OECD Observer (21 1): 15-19.
Keesing, D. B.(1967). The Impact of Research and Development on United States Trade. Journal of Political Economy 25(1): 38-48.
Kennedy, P.(1987). The Rise and Fall of Great Powers. New York: Random House.
Kildegard, A.(1997). Foreign Finance and the Collapse of the Mexican Peso. Journal of Ec onomic Issues 31(4): 951-967.
Knoedler, Janet T(1997). Veblen and Technical Efficiency. Journal of Economic Issues 31 (4): 1011-1026.
Koechlin, T.(1995). The Globalization of Investment. Contemporary Economic Policy 13(1): 92-100.
Kogut, B.(1985). Designing Global Strategies: Comparative and Competitive Value-added C hains. Sloan Management Review: 15-28.
Lin, J. Y.(1996). The Lessons of China`s Transition to a Market Economy. Cato Journal 1 6(2): 201-231.
Mahoney, J. T. and Pandian, J. R.(1992). The Resource-based View within the Conversatio n of Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal(13): 363-380.
Martin R.(1993). States or Markets?-Neo-liberalism and the Development Policy Debate. F inance and Development 3(1): 47.
Mintzberg, H.(1991). The Effective Organization: Forces and Forms. Sloan Management Review: 54-67.
Neo-Liberalism and Globalization. http://www.spunk.org/text/places/peru/sp001701.html.
Peters, T.(1988). Restoring American Competitiveness : Looking for new Models of Organi zations. The Academy of Management Executive 2(2): 103-109.
Pitcher, G.(1998). Killing Debt is not a Panacea for Curing Third World poverty. Marketin g Week 21(11): 23.
Porter, M. E. and Millar, V. F.(1985). How Information gives you Competitive Advantage. Harvard Business Review 63(4): 149-160.
Posner, M. V.(1961). International Trade and Technical Change. Oxford Economic Papers.
Prahalad, C. K. and Doz, Y. L.(1987). The Multinational Mission, New York: The Free Pre ss.
Prime, P. B.(1997). China`s Foreign Trade and Investment Strategies: Implications for the Business Environment. Business Economics 32(4): 29-35.
Ravallion, M.(1993). States or Markets? Neo-liberalism and the Development Policy Debat e. Finance & Development 30(1): 47.
Reed, P. C.(1997). Process Compliance and Implementation Issues in WTO Dispute Settlem ent. American Society of International Law Proceedings of Annual Meeting: 277-288.
Roche, D.(1998). Russia: The Next Domino 161(11): 180.
Rumelt, R.(1984). Towards a Strategy Theory of Firm, Competitive Strategic Management. R. L., ed., New Jersey: Prentice Hall: 557-570.
Rysbekov, M.(1995). Privatization in Kazakhstan. Comparative Economic Studies 37(3): 1- 10.
Scitovsky, T.(1958). Economic Theory and Western European Integration. London: 30-32.
Scott, B. R.(1984). National Strategy for Stronger U. S. Competitiveness. Harvard Busines s Review. 77-91.
Siegmund, J. E.(1998). Services in the WTO: Recent Developments and Overview. Busines s America 119(4): 12-14.
Starr, M. K. and Ullmann, J. E.(1988). The Myth of Industrial Supremacy, Global Competit iveness. Martin K. S., ed., New York: W. W. Norton & Company: 43-71.
The Chinese Culture Connection.(1987). Chinese Values and the Search for Culture-free Di mension of Culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 18(2): 143-164.
Tyson, L. D.(1988). Competitiveness: An Analysis of the Problem and Perspective on Futu re Policy, Global Competitiveness. Martin K. S., ed., New York: W. W. Norton & Comp any: 95-120.
Uruguay Round(1996). The General Agreement on Trade in Services. International Trade Forum(3): 20-25.
Vernon, R.(1966). International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle. Q uarterly Journal of Economics 80: 190-207.
Waheeduzzaman, A. N. M.(1996). Definition, Perspectives, and Understanding of Internation al Competitiveness: A quest for a common ground. Competitiveness Review 6(2): 7-26.
Well, L. T.(1968) A Product Life Cycle for International Trade?. Journal of Marketing 32:1 -6.
Wernerfelt, B.(1984). A Resource-based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal 6: 171-180.
Wriston, Walter B(1993). Clintonomics, the Information Revolution, and the New Global Ma rket Economy. Executive Speeches 7(6): 8-14.
WTO Drive to Open Up Financial Services(1998). East European Business Law (98-Ⅰ): 2.
Aaker, D.(1989). Managing Assets and Skills: The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage. California Management Review: 91106.
Bank of England.(1982). Measures of Competitiveness. Bank of England Quarterly. 369-37 5.
Borrmann, W. A.(1986). Strategic Resource Management: Securing International Competitio n through Competitive Resources. European Approaches to International Management: 275283.
Boynton, A. C.(1993). New Competitive Strategies: Challenges to Organizations and Inform ation Technology. IBM Systems Journal 32(1): 40-64.
Business Aspects of the Uruguay Round Agreements. International Trade Forum(2): 2-9.
Chase, Nancy(1998). Going Global. Quality 37(3): 32-36.
Clegg, J.(1987). Multinational Enterprise and World Competition: A Comparative Study of U. S. A., Japan, the U. K., Swede, and West Germany. New York: St. Martin`s Press.
Dadd, C. M.(1998). The Outlook for the Telecommunications Industry and the Implications for the Economy and for Business. Business Economics 33(1): 14-17.
Daniel D. E. Rounds(1995). The Mexican Peso Crisis. http://psirus.sfsu.edu/IntRel/IRJournal /su96/Rounds.html.
Day, G. S. and Robin W.(1998). Assesssing Advantage: A Framework for Diagnosing Com petitive Superiority. Journal of Marketing(52): 1-20.
Dean, J.(1998). Why Left-wing Moralists and Right-wing Academics are Wrong about Asi a. Challenge 41(2): 44-60.
Deng, Ping(1998). Impact of GATT Uruguay Round on Various Industries. American Busi ness Review 16(2): 22-29.
Duffey, J.(1988). Competitiveness and Human Resources. California Management Review: 6 0-72.
Elizabeth Martinez and Arnoldo Garcia. What is `Neo-Liberalism`?. http://www.corpwatch. org/trac/corner/glob/neolib.html.
Falconer, C.(1996). Globalization, Trade and Competition. OECD Observer(201): 6-9.
Garcia, D. L.(1995). Networking and the Rise of Electronic Commerce: The Challenge for Public Policy. Business Economics 30(4): 7-14.
Gaughan, Laura(1998). WTO Agreement opens Access to World Markets. Canadian Banke r 105(1): 6-7.
Grant, R.(1991). The Resource-based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for St rategy Formulation. California Management Review: 114-135.
Gareen, C.(1995). Globalization, Borderless Worlds, and the Tower of Babel: Metaphors go ne away. Journal of Organizational Change Management 8(4): 55-68.
Gruber, W. Mehta, D. and Vernon, R.(1967). The R & D Factor in International Trade a nd International Investment of United States. Journal of Political Economy 25(1): 20-3 7.
Hayter, R.(1998). Reflections on China`s open Policy towards Foreign Direct Investment. R egional Studies 32(1): 1-16.
Heckscher, E. F.(1919). The Effect of Foreign Trade on the Distribution of Income. Ekono mik Tidskrift 11: 1-32 ; Ohlin, B.(1933). Interregional and International Trade. Cambridg e: Harvard University Press.
Hilke, J. C. and Philip, B. N.(1988). U. S. International Competitiveness: Evolution or Revol ution. New York: Praeger.
Hofstede, G.(1980). Culture`s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Valu es, Beverly Hills, California: Sage.
Hufbauer G. C.(1965). Synthetic Materials and the Theory of International Trade. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd.
Kalinova, B.(1998). Trade Liberalization in the Transition Economies. OECD Observer (21 1): 15-19.
Keesing, D. B.(1967). The Impact of Research and Development on United States Trade. Journal of Political Economy 25(1): 38-48.
Kennedy, P.(1987). The Rise and Fall of Great Powers. New York: Random House.
Kildegard, A.(1997). Foreign Finance and the Collapse of the Mexican Peso. Journal of Ec onomic Issues 31(4): 951-967.
Knoedler, Janet T(1997). Veblen and Technical Efficiency. Journal of Economic Issues 31 (4): 1011-1026.
Koechlin, T.(1995). The Globalization of Investment. Contemporary Economic Policy 13(1): 92-100.
Kogut, B.(1985). Designing Global Strategies: Comparative and Competitive Value-added C hains. Sloan Management Review: 15-28.
Lin, J. Y.(1996). The Lessons of China`s Transition to a Market Economy. Cato Journal 1 6(2): 201-231.
Mahoney, J. T. and Pandian, J. R.(1992). The Resource-based View within the Conversatio n of Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal(13): 363-380.
Martin R.(1993). States or Markets?-Neo-liberalism and the Development Policy Debate. F inance and Development 3(1): 47.
Mintzberg, H.(1991). The Effective Organization: Forces and Forms. Sloan Management Review: 54-67.
Neo-Liberalism and Globalization. http://www.spunk.org/text/places/peru/sp001701.html.
Peters, T.(1988). Restoring American Competitiveness : Looking for new Models of Organi zations. The Academy of Management Executive 2(2): 103-109.
Pitcher, G.(1998). Killing Debt is not a Panacea for Curing Third World poverty. Marketin g Week 21(11): 23.
Porter, M. E. and Millar, V. F.(1985). How Information gives you Competitive Advantage. Harvard Business Review 63(4): 149-160.
Posner, M. V.(1961). International Trade and Technical Change. Oxford Economic Papers.
Prahalad, C. K. and Doz, Y. L.(1987). The Multinational Mission, New York: The Free Pre ss.
Prime, P. B.(1997). China`s Foreign Trade and Investment Strategies: Implications for the Business Environment. Business Economics 32(4): 29-35.
Ravallion, M.(1993). States or Markets? Neo-liberalism and the Development Policy Debat e. Finance & Development 30(1): 47.
Reed, P. C.(1997). Process Compliance and Implementation Issues in WTO Dispute Settlem ent. American Society of International Law Proceedings of Annual Meeting: 277-288.
Roche, D.(1998). Russia: The Next Domino 161(11): 180.
Rumelt, R.(1984). Towards a Strategy Theory of Firm, Competitive Strategic Management. R. L., ed., New Jersey: Prentice Hall: 557-570.
Rysbekov, M.(1995). Privatization in Kazakhstan. Comparative Economic Studies 37(3): 1- 10.
Scitovsky, T.(1958). Economic Theory and Western European Integration. London: 30-32.
Scott, B. R.(1984). National Strategy for Stronger U. S. Competitiveness. Harvard Busines s Review. 77-91.
Siegmund, J. E.(1998). Services in the WTO: Recent Developments and Overview. Busines s America 119(4): 12-14.
Starr, M. K. and Ullmann, J. E.(1988). The Myth of Industrial Supremacy, Global Competit iveness. Martin K. S., ed., New York: W. W. Norton & Company: 43-71.
The Chinese Culture Connection.(1987). Chinese Values and the Search for Culture-free Di mension of Culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 18(2): 143-164.
Tyson, L. D.(1988). Competitiveness: An Analysis of the Problem and Perspective on Futu re Policy, Global Competitiveness. Martin K. S., ed., New York: W. W. Norton & Comp any: 95-120.
Uruguay Round(1996). The General Agreement on Trade in Services. International Trade Forum(3): 20-25.
Vernon, R.(1966). International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle. Q uarterly Journal of Economics 80: 190-207.
Waheeduzzaman, A. N. M.(1996). Definition, Perspectives, and Understanding of Internation al Competitiveness: A quest for a common ground. Competitiveness Review 6(2): 7-26.
Well, L. T.(1968) A Product Life Cycle for International Trade?. Journal of Marketing 32:1 -6.
Wernerfelt, B.(1984). A Resource-based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal 6: 171-180.
Wriston, Walter B(1993). Clintonomics, the Information Revolution, and the New Global Ma rket Economy. Executive Speeches 7(6): 8-14.
WTO Drive to Open Up Financial Services(1998). East European Business Law (98-Ⅰ): 2.
Bank of England.(1982). Measures of Competitiveness. Bank of England Quarterly. 369-37 5.
Borrmann, W. A.(1986). Strategic Resource Management: Securing International Competitio n through Competitive Resources. European Approaches to International Management: 275283.
Boynton, A. C.(1993). New Competitive Strategies: Challenges to Organizations and Inform ation Technology. IBM Systems Journal 32(1): 40-64.
Business Aspects of the Uruguay Round Agreements. International Trade Forum(2): 2-9.
Chase, Nancy(1998). Going Global. Quality 37(3): 32-36.
Clegg, J.(1987). Multinational Enterprise and World Competition: A Comparative Study of U. S. A., Japan, the U. K., Swede, and West Germany. New York: St. Martin`s Press.
Dadd, C. M.(1998). The Outlook for the Telecommunications Industry and the Implications for the Economy and for Business. Business Economics 33(1): 14-17.
Daniel D. E. Rounds(1995). The Mexican Peso Crisis. http://psirus.sfsu.edu/IntRel/IRJournal /su96/Rounds.html.
Day, G. S. and Robin W.(1998). Assesssing Advantage: A Framework for Diagnosing Com petitive Superiority. Journal of Marketing(52): 1-20.
Dean, J.(1998). Why Left-wing Moralists and Right-wing Academics are Wrong about Asi a. Challenge 41(2): 44-60.
Deng, Ping(1998). Impact of GATT Uruguay Round on Various Industries. American Busi ness Review 16(2): 22-29.
Duffey, J.(1988). Competitiveness and Human Resources. California Management Review: 6 0-72.
Elizabeth Martinez and Arnoldo Garcia. What is `Neo-Liberalism`?. http://www.corpwatch. org/trac/corner/glob/neolib.html.
Falconer, C.(1996). Globalization, Trade and Competition. OECD Observer(201): 6-9.
Garcia, D. L.(1995). Networking and the Rise of Electronic Commerce: The Challenge for Public Policy. Business Economics 30(4): 7-14.
Gaughan, Laura(1998). WTO Agreement opens Access to World Markets. Canadian Banke r 105(1): 6-7.
Grant, R.(1991). The Resource-based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for St rategy Formulation. California Management Review: 114-135.
Gareen, C.(1995). Globalization, Borderless Worlds, and the Tower of Babel: Metaphors go ne away. Journal of Organizational Change Management 8(4): 55-68.
Gruber, W. Mehta, D. and Vernon, R.(1967). The R & D Factor in International Trade a nd International Investment of United States. Journal of Political Economy 25(1): 20-3 7.
Hayter, R.(1998). Reflections on China`s open Policy towards Foreign Direct Investment. R egional Studies 32(1): 1-16.
Heckscher, E. F.(1919). The Effect of Foreign Trade on the Distribution of Income. Ekono mik Tidskrift 11: 1-32 ; Ohlin, B.(1933). Interregional and International Trade. Cambridg e: Harvard University Press.
Hilke, J. C. and Philip, B. N.(1988). U. S. International Competitiveness: Evolution or Revol ution. New York: Praeger.
Hofstede, G.(1980). Culture`s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Valu es, Beverly Hills, California: Sage.
Hufbauer G. C.(1965). Synthetic Materials and the Theory of International Trade. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd.
Kalinova, B.(1998). Trade Liberalization in the Transition Economies. OECD Observer (21 1): 15-19.
Keesing, D. B.(1967). The Impact of Research and Development on United States Trade. Journal of Political Economy 25(1): 38-48.
Kennedy, P.(1987). The Rise and Fall of Great Powers. New York: Random House.
Kildegard, A.(1997). Foreign Finance and the Collapse of the Mexican Peso. Journal of Ec onomic Issues 31(4): 951-967.
Knoedler, Janet T(1997). Veblen and Technical Efficiency. Journal of Economic Issues 31 (4): 1011-1026.
Koechlin, T.(1995). The Globalization of Investment. Contemporary Economic Policy 13(1): 92-100.
Kogut, B.(1985). Designing Global Strategies: Comparative and Competitive Value-added C hains. Sloan Management Review: 15-28.
Lin, J. Y.(1996). The Lessons of China`s Transition to a Market Economy. Cato Journal 1 6(2): 201-231.
Mahoney, J. T. and Pandian, J. R.(1992). The Resource-based View within the Conversatio n of Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal(13): 363-380.
Martin R.(1993). States or Markets?-Neo-liberalism and the Development Policy Debate. F inance and Development 3(1): 47.
Mintzberg, H.(1991). The Effective Organization: Forces and Forms. Sloan Management Review: 54-67.
Neo-Liberalism and Globalization. http://www.spunk.org/text/places/peru/sp001701.html.
Peters, T.(1988). Restoring American Competitiveness : Looking for new Models of Organi zations. The Academy of Management Executive 2(2): 103-109.
Pitcher, G.(1998). Killing Debt is not a Panacea for Curing Third World poverty. Marketin g Week 21(11): 23.
Porter, M. E. and Millar, V. F.(1985). How Information gives you Competitive Advantage. Harvard Business Review 63(4): 149-160.
Posner, M. V.(1961). International Trade and Technical Change. Oxford Economic Papers.
Prahalad, C. K. and Doz, Y. L.(1987). The Multinational Mission, New York: The Free Pre ss.
Prime, P. B.(1997). China`s Foreign Trade and Investment Strategies: Implications for the Business Environment. Business Economics 32(4): 29-35.
Ravallion, M.(1993). States or Markets? Neo-liberalism and the Development Policy Debat e. Finance & Development 30(1): 47.
Reed, P. C.(1997). Process Compliance and Implementation Issues in WTO Dispute Settlem ent. American Society of International Law Proceedings of Annual Meeting: 277-288.
Roche, D.(1998). Russia: The Next Domino 161(11): 180.
Rumelt, R.(1984). Towards a Strategy Theory of Firm, Competitive Strategic Management. R. L., ed., New Jersey: Prentice Hall: 557-570.
Rysbekov, M.(1995). Privatization in Kazakhstan. Comparative Economic Studies 37(3): 1- 10.
Scitovsky, T.(1958). Economic Theory and Western European Integration. London: 30-32.
Scott, B. R.(1984). National Strategy for Stronger U. S. Competitiveness. Harvard Busines s Review. 77-91.
Siegmund, J. E.(1998). Services in the WTO: Recent Developments and Overview. Busines s America 119(4): 12-14.
Starr, M. K. and Ullmann, J. E.(1988). The Myth of Industrial Supremacy, Global Competit iveness. Martin K. S., ed., New York: W. W. Norton & Company: 43-71.
The Chinese Culture Connection.(1987). Chinese Values and the Search for Culture-free Di mension of Culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 18(2): 143-164.
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