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창의적인 사고과정을 이해하기 위한 새로운 접근으로서의 컴퓨터의 활용
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창의적인 사고과정을 이해하기 위한 새로운 접근으로서의 컴퓨터의 활용.hwp
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창의적인 사고과정을 이해하기 위한 새로운 접근으로서의 컴퓨터의 활용.hwp
[Size :
90 Kbyte
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자료설명
첫번째 시험에서는 11명의 학생들이 정교파(high elaborators)의 반응패턴을, 3명이 집중파(concentrators), 1명이 충동...
본문/내용
첫번째 시험에서는 11명의 학생들이 정교파(high elaborators)의 반응패턴을, 3명이 집중파(concentrators), 1명이 충동파(impulsives)의 반응패턴을 보여주었다. 초기완성 파(early stoppers)나 지연파(procrastiators)의 반응패턴은 나오지 않았다. 두번째 시험에서는 집중파가 9명, 초기완성파와 정교파가 각 2명씩, 충동파와 지연파가 각 1명씩이었다. 정교파에서 집중파로 옮겨간 학생이 8명, 충동파에서 초기완성파의 반응 패턴으로 옮겨간 학생이 2명이었다. 이것은 과제를 수행하는데 걸린 시간이 두번째 시험에서 줄어 들었음을 나타낸다. 세명의 학생은 같은 반응 패턴을 유지하였다. 첫번째 시험에서는 다수의 학생들이 정교파의 반응을 나타내었고(73%), 두번째 시험에서는 집중파의 반응을 나타내었다(60%). 이것은 그림 그리기에서의 경험부족으로 대부분의 학생들이 즉시 과제를 시작하여 비교적 오랫동안 작업을 한 것으로 추측된다. 각 도구의 사용시간, 총 시간, 도구 변경회수 등이 <표 4>에 나타나 있다. 짐작대로 첫 시험에서 얻은 경험의 결과로 모든 도구의 사용시간과 총 작업 시간, 도구 변경회수의 수치가 첫번째보다 두번째 시험에서 적었다. 반면에 두번째 시험에서 학생들은 그들의 반응을 시작하기 전에 더 오랫동안 생각할 시간을 가진 것 같다.
마지막으로 제목 붙이기의 패턴을 살펴보면, 어떤 학생들은 그림을 그리기 전에 제목을 붙이고, 다른 학생들은 중간에, 혹은 그림을 완성한 후 제목을 정했다. 열명의 학생들이 두번의 시험에서 같은 패턴을 유지하였다.두번째 활동 영역에서는 10개의 미완성 그림을 흥미롭고 독창적인 그림으로 완성하는 것이다. 각 그림은 한 화면에 하나씩 제시되…
마지막으로 제목 붙이기의 패턴을 살펴보면, 어떤 학생들은 그림을 그리기 전에 제목을 붙이고, 다른 학생들은 중간에, 혹은 그림을 완성…
마지막으로 제목 붙이기의 패턴을 살펴보면, 어떤 학생들은 그림을 그리기 전에 제목을 붙이고, 다른 학생들은 중간에, 혹은 그림을 완성…
참고문헌
Brown, R. T. (1989). Creativity : What are we to measure? In J. A. Glover, R. Ronning & C. R. Reynolds(Eds.), Handbook of creativity (pp.3～32). New York : Plenum Press.
Bump, W. M. (1994). A Comparative Analysis of Spelling Skills Utilizing a Computer-Based spelling Assessment Instrument, Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX.
Chovan J. D., & Waldron M. B. & Rose, S.(1988). Response latency measurements to visual cognitive tasks by normal hearing and deaf subjects. Perceptual and Motor Skills,67,179～184.
Erdos, G.(1990). Creativity. In A J.Gilhooly, M. T. G. Keane, R. H. Logie, & G. Erdos, (1990). Lines of thinking: Reflections on the psychology of thought, Vol. 2, New York: John Wiley & Sons LTD, 169～171.
Finke, R., Ward, T., & Smith, S. (1992). Creative cognition: theory, research, and applications, Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press.
Gagne, E. D., Yekovich, C. W., & Yekovich, F. R. (1993). The cognitive psychology of school learning, 2nd, Harper Collins College Publishers, NY.
Getzels, J. W., & Jackson, P. W. (1962). Creativity and intelligence, NYC: Wiley & Sons.
Gilbert, A. R. (1963). Toward an automated technique of probing into emotional blocks. The Journal of Psychology, 56, 385～404.
Gilbert, A. R. (1970). Superiority of latency- weighted scores over unweighted scopes in the assessment of professional interests. Psychological Reports, 26, 93～94.
Jain, S. (1983). Autokinesis and some conditions of fatigue. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 56, 147～154.
Johnson, C. W, (1982). Microcomputer-administered research: What it means for educational researchers. Educational Researcher, 11, 12～16.
Lawson, M. J. (1994). Generative activity during Geometry, Cognition ＆ Instruction, 12, 61～93.
Leino, J.(1981). Psychometric test theory and cognitive processes: A theoretical scrutiny and empirical research. Research Bulletin No. 57. Institute of education, University of Helsinki. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 223 672).
Longer, L. (1991). Connection-making processes during creative task activity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 25, 20～26.
Newell, A. & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Marland, S. P.(1971). Education of the gifted and talented. Vol.1. Report to the Congress of the United States by the U.S. Commissioner of Education. Washington, DC: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Nisbett, R. E. & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84,231～259.
Olsen, J. B., Maynes, D. D., Slawson, D., & Ho, K.(1989). Comparisons of paper-administered, computer-administered, and computerized adaptive achievement tests, Journal of Educational Computing Research, 5, 311～326.
Piirto, Jane (1994). Talented children and adults. Their development and education, New York, NY: Macmillan College Publishing Company, Inc.
Plumly, L. & Ray, H. N. (1989). Computer administered testing in a classroom setting: An alternative. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 12, 69～76.
Renzulli, J. (1978). What makes giftedness? Reexamining a definition. Phi Delta Kappan, 60, 180～184, 261.
Sen, A. K. ＆ Hagtvet, K. A.(1993). Correlations among creativity, intelligence, personality, and academic achievement. Perceptual and motor skills, 77, 497～498.
Van de Vijver, F. J. R. & Harsveld, Menno(1994). The incomplete equivalence of the paper-and-pencil and computerized versions of the general aptitude test battery. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 852～859.
Shoemaker, A. L. & Bolt D. M. (1992). Computer measurement of the autokinetic effect. Perceptual and motor skills, 75(3),771～777.
Torrance, E. P. (1962). Guiding creative talent. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Torrance, E. P (1966). Torrance tests of creative thinking(Figural Form), Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service.
Torrance, E. P. (1974). Torrance tests of creative thinking: Norms Technical Manual, Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service.
Vansickle, T. R. & Kapes, J. T.(1993). Comparing paper-pencil and computer-based versions of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory, Computers in Human Behavior, 9, 441～449.
Weinstein, J. B., & Bobko, P. (1980). The relationship between creativity and androgyny when moderated by an intelligence threshold. The Gifted Child Quarterly, 24, 162～165.
Bump, W. M. (1994). A Comparative Analysis of Spelling Skills Utilizing a Computer-Based spelling Assessment Instrument, Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX.
Chovan J. D., & Waldron M. B. & Rose, S.(1988). Response latency measurements to visual cognitive tasks by normal hearing and deaf subjects. Perceptual and Motor Skills,67,179～184.
Erdos, G.(1990). Creativity. In A J.Gilhooly, M. T. G. Keane, R. H. Logie, & G. Erdos, (1990). Lines of thinking: Reflections on the psychology of thought, Vol. 2, New York: John Wiley & Sons LTD, 169～171.
Finke, R., Ward, T., & Smith, S. (1992). Creative cognition: theory, research, and applications, Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press.
Gagne, E. D., Yekovich, C. W., & Yekovich, F. R. (1993). The cognitive psychology of school learning, 2nd, Harper Collins College Publishers, NY.
Getzels, J. W., & Jackson, P. W. (1962). Creativity and intelligence, NYC: Wiley & Sons.
Gilbert, A. R. (1963). Toward an automated technique of probing into emotional blocks. The Journal of Psychology, 56, 385～404.
Gilbert, A. R. (1970). Superiority of latency- weighted scores over unweighted scopes in the assessment of professional interests. Psychological Reports, 26, 93～94.
Jain, S. (1983). Autokinesis and some conditions of fatigue. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 56, 147～154.
Johnson, C. W, (1982). Microcomputer-administered research: What it means for educational researchers. Educational Researcher, 11, 12～16.
Lawson, M. J. (1994). Generative activity during Geometry, Cognition ＆ Instruction, 12, 61～93.
Leino, J.(1981). Psychometric test theory and cognitive processes: A theoretical scrutiny and empirical research. Research Bulletin No. 57. Institute of education, University of Helsinki. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 223 672).
Longer, L. (1991). Connection-making processes during creative task activity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 25, 20～26.
Newell, A. & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Marland, S. P.(1971). Education of the gifted and talented. Vol.1. Report to the Congress of the United States by the U.S. Commissioner of Education. Washington, DC: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Nisbett, R. E. & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84,231～259.
Olsen, J. B., Maynes, D. D., Slawson, D., & Ho, K.(1989). Comparisons of paper-administered, computer-administered, and computerized adaptive achievement tests, Journal of Educational Computing Research, 5, 311～326.
Piirto, Jane (1994). Talented children and adults. Their development and education, New York, NY: Macmillan College Publishing Company, Inc.
Plumly, L. & Ray, H. N. (1989). Computer administered testing in a classroom setting: An alternative. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 12, 69～76.
Renzulli, J. (1978). What makes giftedness? Reexamining a definition. Phi Delta Kappan, 60, 180～184, 261.
Sen, A. K. ＆ Hagtvet, K. A.(1993). Correlations among creativity, intelligence, personality, and academic achievement. Perceptual and motor skills, 77, 497～498.
Van de Vijver, F. J. R. & Harsveld, Menno(1994). The incomplete equivalence of the paper-and-pencil and computerized versions of the general aptitude test battery. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 852～859.
Shoemaker, A. L. & Bolt D. M. (1992). Computer measurement of the autokinetic effect. Perceptual and motor skills, 75(3),771～777.
Torrance, E. P. (1962). Guiding creative talent. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Torrance, E. P (1966). Torrance tests of creative thinking(Figural Form), Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service.
Torrance, E. P. (1974). Torrance tests of creative thinking: Norms Technical Manual, Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service.
Vansickle, T. R. & Kapes, J. T.(1993). Comparing paper-pencil and computer-based versions of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory, Computers in Human Behavior, 9, 441～449.
Weinstein, J. B., & Bobko, P. (1980). The relationship between creativity and androgyny when moderated by an intelligence threshold. The Gifted Child Quarterly, 24, 162～165.
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