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자료설명
2. 가치측정(Valuation)의 이론적 배경
환경재와 같은 비시장재화는 시장가격이 존재하지 않음으로써 그 가치 측정에 어려움이 있음은 앞...
환경재와 같은 비시장재화는 시장가격이 존재하지 않음으로써 그 가치 측정에 어려움이 있음은 앞...
본문/내용
2. 가치측정(Valuation)의 이론적 배경
환경재와 같은 비시장재화는 시장가격이 존재하지 않음으로써 그 가치 측정에 어려움이 있음은 앞서 지적되었다. 그러나 분명히 비시장재화도 경제주체에게 효용이나 이윤을 향유할 수 있게 해 주는 가치를 갖고 있으며, 따라서 잠재가격이 존재한다고 할 수 있다. 본 절에서는 환경재의 가치를 측정하는데 기본이 되는 경제적 개념인 보상변화, 대등변화의 개념에 대하여 설명하고자 한다. 간단한 모형을 이용하여 이러한 개념을 설명하도록 하겠다.
가. 보상변화(CV)와 대등변화(EV)
X와 Y 두 가지 재화만을 소비하는 소비자의 효용함수가 다음과 같다고 하자.
(II - 1)
이때 X재의 가격이 초기의 에서 로 하락하는 경우에도 Y재의 가격은 로 일정하고 소득(M)도 일정하다고 하면 효용을 극대화하려는 소비자는 X재에 대한 소비를 증가시키고, Y재의 소비를 감소시키려 할 것이다. 이처럼 어떤 재화의 가격변동에 따른 수요의 변동을 고려하여 수요곡선을 도출해 낼 수 있다. 그런데 가격변동에 따른 수요변동의 효과는 상대가격의 변동에 따른 대체효과와 실질소득의 증가에 의한 소득증가로 분리해 낼 수 있는데 이런 관계를 수식적으로 표현한 것이 슬러츠키 방정식이다. 이를 그림으로 표현하면 < 그림 II - 1 >과 같다.
참고문헌
곽승준 (1993), “ 수질개선의 편익 추정 : 조건부 가치측정 방법과 반모수 추정법의 적용 ”, 자원경제학회지, 제3권, 제 1호, pp. 183 -198.
곽승준, 전영섭 (1995), “ 환경의 경제적 가치 ”, 학현사.
박승록 (1989), “ 계량경제학 방법론 ”, 비봉출판사 .
유동운 (1992), “ 환경경제학 ”, 비봉출판사 .
이계평, (1996), “ 서울의 주택시장과 대기질 개선편익에 관한 연구 ”, 서울대학교 대학원 경제학 박사학위 논문.
이준구, (1993), “ 미시경제학 ”, 법문사.
Amemiya, Takeshi and Powell, James L. (1981), ` A Comparison of The BOX - COX Maximum Likelihood Estimator and The Non-linear Two-Stage Least Squares Estimator `, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 17, pp. 351 -381.
Bartik, Timothy J. (1987), ` Estimating Hedonic Demand Parameters with Single market data : The Problems caused by Unobserved Tastes `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 69, pp. 178 - 180.
Bartik, T. J. (1987), ` The Estimation of Demand Parameters in Hedonic Price models `, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 95, No. 1, pp. 81 - 88.
Bender, Bruce , Gronberg, Timothy J., and Hwang, Hae - Shin (1980), ` Choice of Functional and The Demand for Air quality`, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 62 , pp. 638 - 643.
Berndt, Ernst R. (1991), The Practice of Econometrics : Classic and Contemporary , Addison-Willey Publishing Company.
Blackley, P., Follain, J. R. Jr., and Ondrich, Jan (1984), ` BOX - COX Estimation of Hedonic Models : How serious if the Iterative OLS Variance Bias? `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 66, pp. 348 - 353.
Blomquist, Glenn, and Worley, Lawrence (1981), ` Hedonic Prices, Demand for Urban Housing Amenities, and Benefits Estimates `, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 9, pp. 212 - 221.
Brookshire, David S., Thayer, Mark A., Schulze, William D., and D`Arge, Ralph C. (1982), ` Valuing Public Goods : A Comparison of Survey and Hedonic Approaches `, The American Economic Review, Vol.72, No. 1, pp. 165 - 177.
Brown, J. N. and Rosen, H. S. (1982), ` On the Estimation of Structural Hedonic Price Models `, Econometrica, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 765 - 768
Brucato, Peter F. Jr., Murdoch James C., and Thayer, Mark A. (1990), ` Urban Air Quality Improvement : a Comparison of Aggregate Health and Welfare Benefits to Hedonic Price Differentials `, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 30, pp. 265 - 179.
Cassel, Eric and Mendelsohn, Robert (1985), ` The Choice of Functional Forms for Hedonic Price Equations : Comment `, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 18, pp. 135 -142.
Cropper, Maureen L., Deck, Leland B., and McConnell, Kenneth E. (1988), ` On The Choice of Functional Form for Hedonic Price Functions `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 70 , pp. 668 - 675.
Desvousges, William H., Smith, V. Kerry, and Fisher, Ann (1987), ` Option Price Estimates for Water Quality Improvements : A Contingent Valuation Study for the Monongahela River `, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 14, pp. 248 - 267.
Diamond , Douglas B. Jr. and Smith, Barton A. (1985), ` Simultaneity in the Market for Housing Characteristics `, Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 17, pp. 280 - 292
Epple, Denis (1987), ` Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets : Estimating Demand and Supply Functions for Differentiated Products `, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 95, No. 1 , pp. 59 - 80.
Freeman III, A. Myrick (1974), ` On Estimating Air Pollution Control Benefits from Land Value Studies `, Journal of Environmental Economics and management, Vol. 1, pp. 74 - 83.
Graves, P., Murdoch, J. C., Thayer, M. A., and Waldman, Don (1988), ` The Robustness of Hedonic Price Estimation : Urban Air Quality `, Land Economics, Vol. 64, No. 3 , pp. 220 - 233.
Greene, William H (1993), Econometric Analysis , Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, N.Y.
Hall, Bronwyn H. (1993), Times Series Processor Version 4.2 Reference Manual , TSP International, CA .
Harrison, David Jr. and Rubinfield, Daniel L. (1978a), ` Hedonic Housing Prices and the Demand for Clean Air `, Journal of Environmental Economics and management, Vol. 5, pp. 81 - 102.
Harrison, David Jr. and Rubinfield, Daniel L. (1978b), ` The Distribution of Benefits from Improvements in Urban Air Quality `, Journal of Environmental Economics and management, Vol. 5, pp. 313 - 332.
Halverson, Robert, and Pollakowski, Henry O. (1981), ` Choice of Functional Form for Hedonic Price Equations `, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 10, pp. 37 - 49.
Hanley, Nick and Spash, Clive L. (1993), Cost - Benefits Analysis and the environment , Edward Elgar Publishing Company, England.
Horowitz, Joel L. (1987), ` Identification and Stochastic Specification in Rosen`s Hedonic Price Model` , Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 165 - 173.
Johnston, J. (1991), Econometric Methods, McGraw - Hill Book Company, Singapore .
Lancaster, K. J. (1966), ` A New Approach to Consumer Theory `, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 74, pp. 132 - 157.
Loehman, Edna T., Park, Sehoon, and Boldt, David (1994), ` Willingness to Pay for Gains and Losses in Visibility and Health`, Land Economics, Vol. 70, pp. 478 - 498.
Mäler, Karl-Gorgan (1977), ` A Note on the use of Property Values in estimating Marginal Willingness to Pay for Environmental Quality `, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 4, pp. 355 - 369.
Mendelsohn, Robert (1984), ` Identifying Structural Equations with Single Market Data `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 66 , pp. 525 - 529.
Milon, W. J., Gressel, J., and Mulkey D. (1984) , ` Hedonic Amenity Valuation and Functional Form Specification `, Land Economics, Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 378 - 387 .
Murdoch, James C. and Thayer, Mark A. (1988), ` Hedonic Price Estimation of Variable Urban Air Quality `, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 15, pp. 143 - 146.
Murray Michael P. (1975), ` The Distribution of Tenant Benefits in Public Housing `, Econometrica, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 771 - 788.
Ohsfeldt, Robert L. and Smith, Barton A. (1988), ` Assessing the Accuracy of Structural Parameter Estimates in Analyses of Implicit Market `, Land Economics, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 135 - 146.
Palmquist, Raymond B. (1984), ` Estimating the Demand for the Characteristics of Housing `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 66 , pp. 394 - 404.
Palmquist, Raymond B. (1991), ` Hedonic Method `, in Braden, John B. and Kolstad, Charles D., eds, Measuring the Demand for Environmental Quality , Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Quigley, John M. (1982), ` Nonlinear Budget Constraints and Consumer Demand : An Application to Public Programs for Residential Housing `, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 12, pp. 177 - 201.
Rosen, S. (1974), ` Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets : Product Differentiation in Pure Competition` , Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 84, pp. 34 - 35.
Spitzer, John J. (1982), ` A Primer on BOX - Estimation ` , The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 64 , pp. 307 - 313.
Thuesen, G. J. and Fabrychy, W. J. (1989), Engineering Economy,
곽승준, 전영섭 (1995), “ 환경의 경제적 가치 ”, 학현사.
박승록 (1989), “ 계량경제학 방법론 ”, 비봉출판사 .
유동운 (1992), “ 환경경제학 ”, 비봉출판사 .
이계평, (1996), “ 서울의 주택시장과 대기질 개선편익에 관한 연구 ”, 서울대학교 대학원 경제학 박사학위 논문.
이준구, (1993), “ 미시경제학 ”, 법문사.
Amemiya, Takeshi and Powell, James L. (1981), ` A Comparison of The BOX - COX Maximum Likelihood Estimator and The Non-linear Two-Stage Least Squares Estimator `, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 17, pp. 351 -381.
Bartik, Timothy J. (1987), ` Estimating Hedonic Demand Parameters with Single market data : The Problems caused by Unobserved Tastes `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 69, pp. 178 - 180.
Bartik, T. J. (1987), ` The Estimation of Demand Parameters in Hedonic Price models `, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 95, No. 1, pp. 81 - 88.
Bender, Bruce , Gronberg, Timothy J., and Hwang, Hae - Shin (1980), ` Choice of Functional and The Demand for Air quality`, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 62 , pp. 638 - 643.
Berndt, Ernst R. (1991), The Practice of Econometrics : Classic and Contemporary , Addison-Willey Publishing Company.
Blackley, P., Follain, J. R. Jr., and Ondrich, Jan (1984), ` BOX - COX Estimation of Hedonic Models : How serious if the Iterative OLS Variance Bias? `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 66, pp. 348 - 353.
Blomquist, Glenn, and Worley, Lawrence (1981), ` Hedonic Prices, Demand for Urban Housing Amenities, and Benefits Estimates `, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 9, pp. 212 - 221.
Brookshire, David S., Thayer, Mark A., Schulze, William D., and D`Arge, Ralph C. (1982), ` Valuing Public Goods : A Comparison of Survey and Hedonic Approaches `, The American Economic Review, Vol.72, No. 1, pp. 165 - 177.
Brown, J. N. and Rosen, H. S. (1982), ` On the Estimation of Structural Hedonic Price Models `, Econometrica, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 765 - 768
Brucato, Peter F. Jr., Murdoch James C., and Thayer, Mark A. (1990), ` Urban Air Quality Improvement : a Comparison of Aggregate Health and Welfare Benefits to Hedonic Price Differentials `, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 30, pp. 265 - 179.
Cassel, Eric and Mendelsohn, Robert (1985), ` The Choice of Functional Forms for Hedonic Price Equations : Comment `, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 18, pp. 135 -142.
Cropper, Maureen L., Deck, Leland B., and McConnell, Kenneth E. (1988), ` On The Choice of Functional Form for Hedonic Price Functions `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 70 , pp. 668 - 675.
Desvousges, William H., Smith, V. Kerry, and Fisher, Ann (1987), ` Option Price Estimates for Water Quality Improvements : A Contingent Valuation Study for the Monongahela River `, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 14, pp. 248 - 267.
Diamond , Douglas B. Jr. and Smith, Barton A. (1985), ` Simultaneity in the Market for Housing Characteristics `, Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 17, pp. 280 - 292
Epple, Denis (1987), ` Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets : Estimating Demand and Supply Functions for Differentiated Products `, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 95, No. 1 , pp. 59 - 80.
Freeman III, A. Myrick (1974), ` On Estimating Air Pollution Control Benefits from Land Value Studies `, Journal of Environmental Economics and management, Vol. 1, pp. 74 - 83.
Graves, P., Murdoch, J. C., Thayer, M. A., and Waldman, Don (1988), ` The Robustness of Hedonic Price Estimation : Urban Air Quality `, Land Economics, Vol. 64, No. 3 , pp. 220 - 233.
Greene, William H (1993), Econometric Analysis , Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, N.Y.
Hall, Bronwyn H. (1993), Times Series Processor Version 4.2 Reference Manual , TSP International, CA .
Harrison, David Jr. and Rubinfield, Daniel L. (1978a), ` Hedonic Housing Prices and the Demand for Clean Air `, Journal of Environmental Economics and management, Vol. 5, pp. 81 - 102.
Harrison, David Jr. and Rubinfield, Daniel L. (1978b), ` The Distribution of Benefits from Improvements in Urban Air Quality `, Journal of Environmental Economics and management, Vol. 5, pp. 313 - 332.
Halverson, Robert, and Pollakowski, Henry O. (1981), ` Choice of Functional Form for Hedonic Price Equations `, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 10, pp. 37 - 49.
Hanley, Nick and Spash, Clive L. (1993), Cost - Benefits Analysis and the environment , Edward Elgar Publishing Company, England.
Horowitz, Joel L. (1987), ` Identification and Stochastic Specification in Rosen`s Hedonic Price Model` , Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 165 - 173.
Johnston, J. (1991), Econometric Methods, McGraw - Hill Book Company, Singapore .
Lancaster, K. J. (1966), ` A New Approach to Consumer Theory `, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 74, pp. 132 - 157.
Loehman, Edna T., Park, Sehoon, and Boldt, David (1994), ` Willingness to Pay for Gains and Losses in Visibility and Health`, Land Economics, Vol. 70, pp. 478 - 498.
Mäler, Karl-Gorgan (1977), ` A Note on the use of Property Values in estimating Marginal Willingness to Pay for Environmental Quality `, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 4, pp. 355 - 369.
Mendelsohn, Robert (1984), ` Identifying Structural Equations with Single Market Data `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 66 , pp. 525 - 529.
Milon, W. J., Gressel, J., and Mulkey D. (1984) , ` Hedonic Amenity Valuation and Functional Form Specification `, Land Economics, Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 378 - 387 .
Murdoch, James C. and Thayer, Mark A. (1988), ` Hedonic Price Estimation of Variable Urban Air Quality `, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 15, pp. 143 - 146.
Murray Michael P. (1975), ` The Distribution of Tenant Benefits in Public Housing `, Econometrica, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 771 - 788.
Ohsfeldt, Robert L. and Smith, Barton A. (1988), ` Assessing the Accuracy of Structural Parameter Estimates in Analyses of Implicit Market `, Land Economics, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 135 - 146.
Palmquist, Raymond B. (1984), ` Estimating the Demand for the Characteristics of Housing `, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 66 , pp. 394 - 404.
Palmquist, Raymond B. (1991), ` Hedonic Method `, in Braden, John B. and Kolstad, Charles D., eds, Measuring the Demand for Environmental Quality , Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Quigley, John M. (1982), ` Nonlinear Budget Constraints and Consumer Demand : An Application to Public Programs for Residential Housing `, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 12, pp. 177 - 201.
Rosen, S. (1974), ` Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets : Product Differentiation in Pure Competition` , Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 84, pp. 34 - 35.
Spitzer, John J. (1982), ` A Primer on BOX - Estimation ` , The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 64 , pp. 307 - 313.
Thuesen, G. J. and Fabrychy, W. J. (1989), Engineering Economy,
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