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What are futures, forwards, calls, and puts?
¼±µµ°Å·¡(Forwards) : ¹Ì·¡ ¾àÁ¤ÀÏ¿¡ ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÇÑ °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î ÀÚ»êÀ» »ç°Å³ª ÆÈ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â Àǹ« °¡ ºÎ¿©µÇ´Â °è¾àÀ¸·Î °è¾à ´ç»çÀÚ °£ÀÇ ÇÕÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °Å·¡Á¶°ÇÀÌ °á Á¤µÈ´Ù. ¼±µµ°Å·¡´Â ¸¸±âÀÏ¿¡ ƯÁ¤»óǰÀÇ Àμöµµ°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ´Ù. ´çÀåÀÇ °Å·¡
¼±¹°°Å·¡(Futures) : ¹Ì·¡ ¾àÁ¤ÀÏ¿¡ ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÇÑ °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î ÀÚ»êÀ» »ç°Å³ª ÆÈ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â Àǹ«°¡ ºÎ¿©µÇ´Â °è¾àÀ̶õ Á¡¿¡¼ ¼±µµ°Å·¡¿Í ºñ½ÁÇϳª ¼±µµ°Å·¡¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® Á¶ Á÷ÈµÈ °Å·¡¼Ò¿¡¼¸¸ °Å·¡µÇ¸ç °Å·¡Á¶°ÇÀÌ Ç¥ÁØÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¼±¹°°Å·¡ ¿¡¼´Â ¸¸±âÀÏ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¹Ý´ë¸Å¸Å¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© °è¾àÀÌ Á¾·áµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ëºÎ ºÐÀÌ´Ù. Çö±ÝÀÚüÀÇ °Å·¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çö±ÝÀÌ ¡®¿À°¡´Â¡¯ °Å·¡
ÄݿɼÇ(call option) : ƯÁ¤ÀÇ ±âº»ÀÚ»êÀ» »çÀü¿¡ Á¤ÇÑ °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ³¯Â¥ ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¸Å¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç¸®. ÄÝ¿É¼Ç ¸Å¼öÀÚ´Â ¸ÅµµÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿É¼Ç°¡°ÝÀÎ ÇÁ¸®¹Ì ¾öÀ» ÁöºÒÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å ±âº»ÀÚ»êÀ» »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ¸Å µµÀÚ´Â ÇÁ¸®¹Ì¾öÀ» ¹Þ´Â ´ë½Å ÄÝ¿É¼Ç ¸Å¼öÀÚ°¡ ±âº»ÀÚ»êÀ» ¸Å¼öÇϰڴ٠´Â ±Ç¸®Çà»ç¸¦ ÇÒ °æ¿ì ±× ±âº»¡¦(»ý·«)
a) What is volatility and why is it important in option pricing?
S¸¸ÅÀÇ Çö±ÝÀ» °®À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.ii) S
(Optional) Bonus points for answering either a) or b)
a) What is volatility and why is it important in option pricing?
º¯µ¿¼º(volatility)
½±°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸é º¯ÈÇϱⰡ ½¬¿î ¼ºÁúÀ̶õ ¶æÀ̸ç, ³·À»¼ö·Ï º¯ÈÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌ¸ç ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï º¯ÈÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ Ä¿¼ À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù. Æò¼Ò¿¡´Â ³·Àº °ÍÀÌ À¯¸®ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿É¼Ç¿¡¼´Â ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï ÁÁ´Ù. ¿É¼ÇÀº ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »óǰ(ÁÖ½Ä µî)ÀÇ ÆÈ(ȤÀº »ì)±Ç¸®Áö¸¸ Àǹ«´Â ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼ º¯µ¿¼ºÀÌ Å©¸é Å©°Ô ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³»°Å³ª ¼ÕÇØ¸¦ ³¾ ¼ö Àִµ¥ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ¸é ±Ç¸®¸¦ Çà»çÇÏ¿© ÀÌÀÍÀ» ì±â°í, ¼ÕÇØ°¡ µÇ¸é ±Ç¸®Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷±âÇÏ¿© ¼ÕÇØ¸¦ ¹æÁöÇÑ´Ù.
Draw a payoff diagram showing how company stock can be modelled as an option on company assets. What is the strike? Is there a conflict of interest between shareholders and holders of debt given the importance of volatility in option pricing?
Çà»ç°¡°Ý(strike) : (ÁֽĵîÀÇ) ¸Å¸ÅÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ Çà»çÇÏ´Â °¡°Ý
¿É¼ÇÀÇ º¯µ¿¼º¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Ã¤±ÇÀÚ(shareholders)¿Í ÁÖÁÖ(holders)ÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¹Ù´Â ¼·Î ´Ù¸£´Ù. ä±ÇÀÚ´Â ÁÖ°¡°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô º¯ÇÏ´ø ±â¾÷ÀÇ Ã¤±ÇÀ» ±¸ÀÔÇÑ ´ë°¡·Î ¹ÞÀ» ÀÌÀÚ¿Í ¿ø±Ý¸¸ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ´Â´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ¸¸Á·ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÁÖÁÖ´Â ÁÖ°¡ »ó½ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¸Å¸ÅÂ÷ÀÍ °ú ¹è´çÀÌ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ¹Ç·Î ¿©±â¼ °¥µîÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ±â¾÷Ȱµ¿ÀÇ ÁÖÃàÀÌ µÇ´Â °æ¿µÀÚ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼´Â º¸´Ù À§ÇèÇÑ