º»¹®/³»¿ë
¿¬±¸°³¹ß(R&D)ÅõÀÔÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ°í ¾ó¸¶ ÈÄ¿¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ ¼º°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀº R&DÅõÀÔÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ä¿Áú¼ö·Ï ¶Ç °æÀï»óŰ¡ Ä¡¿ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ´õ¿í Áõ´ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§, ƯÇ㳪 ½Ç¿ë½Å¾È°ú °°Àº R&DÀÇ Á÷Á¢¼º°ú´Â ¹°·Ð ƯÁ¤ ±â¼ú°³¹ßÀ̳ª Á¦Ç°°³¹ß ³ª¾Æ°¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛ°³¹ß¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö R&DÅõÀÔÀÇ È¿°ú³ª ¼º°ú´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ ÈÄ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¹Ç·Î, R&DÅõÀÔÀÌ ¼º°ú·Î ¿¬°áµÇ±â±îÁö ½Ã°£Àû Áö¿¬ÀÌ ¹ß»ýµÊÀº ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª R&DÀÇ ¼º°ú¹°¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÅõÀÔ°ú ¼º°ú°£¿¡ °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã°£Â÷(time-lag) ½Ã°£Â÷(time-lag)ÀÇ ´ë»ó±â°£ Áï, ÅõÀÔ½ÃÁ¡°ú »êÃâ½ÃÁ¡À» ¾îµð±îÁö·Î º¼ °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¾çÇÑ °ßÇØ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, º» ¿¬±¸´Â »ê¾÷À» ºÐ¼®´ë»óÀ¸·Î Çϰí ÀÖ¾î, ÆíÀÇ»ó ȸ°è»óÀÇ ºñ¿ëó¸®(ÅõÀÔºñ¿ë)°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ½ÃÁ¡(³â¸»)¿¡¼ ƯÇãÃâ¿øÀÌ ¼º¸³µÈ ½ÃÁ¡±îÁö¸¦ º¸´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
°¡ Á¸ÀçÇϱ⠸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ÇâÈÄ ÇØ´ç±â¾÷À̳ª »ê¾÷ÀÇ °æÀï·ÂÈ®º¸¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÅõÀÚÀü·«À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â Á¤Ã¥Àû Â÷¿ø¿¡¼µµ À¯¿ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á·Î½á Ȱ¿ë °¡´ÉÇÔÀº ¹°·ÐÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ±â¾÷ÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼ º¸¸é ¿¬±¸°³¹ß(R&D)ÀÚ¿øÀ» ÅõÀÚÇÏ°í ³ª¼ ¾ó¸¶ ÈÄ¿¡ ±× ¼º°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®¡¦(»ý·«)
3³â°£À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¶§, µÎ º¯¼ö°£ÀÇ ¼³¸í·ÂÀÌ °¡Àå ³ôÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
Branch(1974)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ 7°³ »ê¾÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î 157°³ ±â¾÷(1950³â¢¦1954³â)À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ½Ã°£Â÷¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, R&DÅõÀÚ ÈÄ Æ¯Çãµî·Ï±îÁö¿¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ½Ã°£Àº ´ë·« 4³âÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. Pakes¿Í Schankerman(1984)Àº ¹Ì±¹ 157°³ ±â¾÷(1963³â¢¦1977³â)À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ƯÇã°Ç¼ö¿Í R&DÅõÀÔ°£¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£Â÷¸¦ ±Ô¸íÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÅõÀÔ ´çÇØ ³âµµºÎÅÍ 5³â Àü±îÁöÀÇ ±â°£À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ³õ°í ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̵éÀº ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ¿¡¼ ¿Ï¼º±îÁöÀÇ Æò±Õ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£À» R&DÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ¼ÒÈ(gestation lag)±â°£À¸·Î ¸í¸íÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â 1.6³â Á¤µµÀÓÀ» ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Âü°í¹®Çå
1. °û½Â¿µ, 「Çѱ¹Á¦Á¶¾÷ºÎ¹® »ý»ê¼ºÀÇ ¼ºÀå±â¿©µµ ¹× °áÁ¤¿äÀκм®」, »ê¾÷¿¬±¸¿ø, 1997.
2. ±Ç¿ø±â, 「Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±â¼úÇõ½ÅÁ¤Ã¥°ú ¿¬±¸°³¹ßÅõÀÚÀÇ ¼º°úºÐ¼®」, ÇѾç´ëÇб³ ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§·Ð¹®, 1986.
3. ±è±ÔÇü, 「´Ùº¯·®ºÐ¼®ÀÇ À̷аú ½ÇÁ¦」, Áß¾Ó´ëÇб³ ÃâÆÇºÎ, 1993, pp. 298-345.
4. ±èÀû±³, Á¶º´ÅÃ, 「¿¬±¸°³¹ß°ú ½ÃÀ屸Á¶ ¹× »ý»ê¼º」, Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸¿ø, 1989.
5. ¹Ú¼ºÇö, 「ȸ±ÍºÐ¼®」, ´ë¿µ»ç, 1990, pp. 546-551.
6. »ê¾÷±â¼úÁøÈïÇùȸ, 「±â¼ú°³¹ß È®´ëÅõÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ½ÇÁõÀû ¿µÇâ¿äÀÎ ºÐ¼®」, 1989.2.
7. »ê¾÷±â¼úÁøÈïÇùȸ, 「»ê¾÷±â¼ú¹é¼-98³âÆÇ」, 1998, pp. 184-199.
8. ¼º¼Ò¹Ì, 「±â¼úÇõ½ÅÀÇ °æÁ¦ºÐ¼®」, Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸¿ø, 1995, pp. 22-41.
9. ÀÌ¿ø¿µ, 「¿¬±¸°³¹ßÅõÀÚ¿Í ¼¼Á¦»óÀÇ À¯ÀÎÁ¤Ã¥」, Çѱ¹°³¹ß¿¬±¸¿ø, 1984.
10.ÀåÁø±Ô, Á¤¼ºÃ¶, ±è±â±¹, 「¿¬±¸°³¹ß ÅõÀÚÀÇ °æÁ¦È¿°úºÐ¼®」, Çѱ¹°úÇбâ¼úÁ¤Ã¥°ü¸®¿¬±¸¼Ò, 1994.
11.Áø ³ä, 「½·ÆäÅͰ¡¼³ÀÇ ½ÇÁõÀû ºÐ¼®」, ÇѾç´ëÇб³ ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§·Ð¹®, 1987.
12.È«¼ø±â, È«»ç±Õ, ¾ÈµÎÇö, 「¿¬±¸°³¹ßÅõÀÚÀÇ »ê¾÷ºÎ¹®°£ È帧°ú Á÷¡¤°£Á¢ »ý»ê¼º Áõ´ëÈ¿°ú ºÐ¼®¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸」, °úÇбâ¼úÁ¤Ã¥¿¬±¸¼Ò, 1991.
13.Basberg, B. L., ¡°Patents and the Measurement of Technological Change: A Survey of the Literature¡±, Research Policy, Vol. 16, 1987, pp. 131-141.
14.Branch, B., ¡°R&D Activity and Profitability: A Distributed Lag Analysis,¡± J. of Political Economy, Vol. 82, No. 51, 1974, pp. 999-1011.
15. Bruce, L & Claude E., Technology, R&D and the Economy, R. R. Donnelley and Sons Co., 1996, pp. 150-163.
16. Comanor, W. S. & Scherer, F. M., ¡°Patent statistics as a measure of technology change¡±, J.P.E., Vol. 77, No. 3, 1969, pp. 392-398.
17. Freeman, C., Output Measurement in Science and Technology - Essays in honor of Yvan Fabian-, North-Holland, 1987.
18. Griliches, Z., R&D, Patents and Productivity, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1984.
19. Mueller, D. C., ¡°Patents, Research and Development, and the Measurement of Technical Change¡±, J. of Political Economy, May-June, 1966.
20. Pakes, A., and Schankerman, M., ¡°The Rate of Obsolescence of Patents, Research Gestation Lags, and the Private Rate of Return to Research Resources¡±, In Zvi Griliches(eds), R&D Patents and Productivity, ch. 4, The Univ. of Chicago Press, 1984, pp. 73-88.
21. Pakes, A., and Griliches, Z., ¡°Patents and R&D at the Firm Level : A First Look¡±, In Zvi Griliches(eds), R&D, Patents and Productivity, ch.3, The Univ. of Chicago Press, 1984, pp. 55-72.
22. Pavitt, K., ¡°Patent Statistics as Indicators of Innovative Activities: Possibilities and Problems¡±, Scientometrics, vol. 7, nos. 1-2, 1985, pp. 77-99.
23. Saito, M., ¡°ªïª¬±¹»ê¾÷ªÎ±â¼ú°³¹ß±¸Á¶¡±,¡¸¿¬±¸±â¼ú°èȹÇÐȸ¡¹, Vol. 2, 1987, pp. 226-238.
24. Scherer, F. M., ¡°Firm Size, Market Structure, Opportunity, and the Output of Patented Inventions¡±, A.E.R, Vol. 55, Dec. 1965, pp. 105-125.
25. Schmookler, J., and Griliches. Z., ¡°Inventing and Maximizing¡±, A.E.R., Vol. 53, Sep. 1963, pp. 725-729.
26. Soete, L., ¡°The Impact of Technological Innovation on International Trade Patterns: the Evidence Reconsidered¡±, Research Policy, Vol. 16, 1987, pp. 101-130.
27. Uno. Kimio., ¡°Recent trends in R&D patents¡±, In Eto&Matsui(eds), R&D Manage