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방선균의 보존 및 배양
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방선균의 보존 및 배양.hwp
[Size :
257 Kbyte
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본문/내용
목적하는 산물을 생산하거나 목적하는 특성을 가진 방선균을 자연계에서 분리하거나, 균주 기탁기관에서 구입하거나, 연구소 또는 기업체에서 구입하거나 전임자의 냉장고에서 발견하거나 하면 제일 먼저 무엇을 해야 할 것인가? 어렵게 구한 방선균을 이용하여 열심히 연구를 하였는데 연구가 완료되거나 산업화가 계획되었는데 예전의 균주와 매우 다르다는 것을 발견하면 얼마나 당황하게 될까? 또 어렵게 구한 방선균 또는 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 개발된 우수 방선균이 부주의 또는 과실로 사멸되었다면 얼마나 당황하게 될까? 어쩌면 지구상에서 그 종이 다시 발견되기는 매우 어려울 것이다. 각종 실험의 결과가 잘 되어 목적 산물의 생산성이 올라가거나, 배양 특성이 개선되어 원가 절감이 이루어졌다고 생각되었는데 원인도 없이 생산성이 저하되어 가거나, 매 batch마다 큰 폭의 생산성 변동이 나타나면 산업화는 이미 어려운 상태가 된다.
따라서 자연계에서 탐색, 분리된 방선균이 산업적인 균주로 활용되기 위해서는 실험실내에서도 다시 우수 균주의 탐색 및 분리가 진행되어야 하고, 적당한 보존과 배양을 통하여 그 순계성이 보전되어야 한다. 이러한 점에서…(생략)
따라서 자연계에서 탐색, 분리된 방선균이 산업적인 균주로 활용되기 위해서는 실험실내에서도 다시 우수 균주의 탐색 및 분리가 진행되어야 하고, 적당한 보존과 배양을 통하여 그 순계성이 보전되어야 한다. 이러한 점에서…(생략)
참고문헌
1. Hesseltine, C. W., and W. C. Hayes. 1973. Soures and management of microorgnisms for development of a fermentation industry. Prog. Ind. Microiol. 12: 3-46
2. Chater, K. F. 1979. (Editor) Genetics of industrial microbiology. pp. 123.
3. Hopwood, D. A., K. F. Chater, J. E. Dowding and A. Vivian. 1973. Advances in Streptomyces coelicolor genetics. Bacteriol. Rev. 37; 371 -405.
4. Kalakoutskii, L. V. and N. S. Agre. 1976. Comparative aspects of development and differentiation in actinomycetes. Bacteriol. Rev. 40; 469 - 524.
5. Peggy, A. R., P. A. McCann, M. A. Pentella and B. M. Pogell. 1979. Simultaneous loss of multiple differentiated functions in aerial mycelium-negative isolates of Streptomyces. J. bacteriol. 137; 891 -899.
6. Hopwood D.A. 1967. Genetic analysis and genome structure in Streptomyces coelicolor. Bacteriol. Rev. 31; 373 - 403
7. Chater, K.F. and M.J. Merrick. 1979. Streptomyces. In Developmental biology of procaryotes, p 93-114. Ed. by Parish, J.H.
8. Chater, K.F. , D.A. Hopwood, T. Kieser, and C.J. Thompson. 1982. Gene cloning in Streptomyces development. In Current topics in microbiology and immunology, pp 65-95 Vol. 96.
9. Herbert, D. 1958. In Recent Progress in Microbiology, VII International Congress for Microbiology. Ed. by G. Tunevall. pp. 381. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm.
10. Dietz, A. 1981. Pure culture methods for industrial microorganism, p. 412-434. In H. J. Rehm and G. Reed(ed.), Biotechnology, vol. 1. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.
11. Gherna, R. L. 1981. Preservation, p. 208-217. In P. Gerhardt(ed.), Manual of method for general bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
12. Heckly, R.J. 1978. Preservation of microorganisms. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 24: 1-53.
13. McDaniel, L.E., and E. G. Bailey. 1968. Liquid nitrigen preservation of standard inoculum gas-phase storage. Appl. Microbiol. 16: 912-916
14. Sokolski, W. T., E. M. Stapert, and E. B. Ferrer. 1964. Liquid nitrogen freezing in microbiology assay systems. I. Preservation of Lactobacillus leichmanii for direct use in the vitamin B12 assay. Appl. Microbiol. 12: 327-329.
15. Lincoln, R. E., 1960, `Control of stock culture preservation and inoculum in bacterial fermentation, J. biochem, Microbiol. Tech. Eng. 2; 481-500.
16. Gherna, R. L. 1981. Preservation, p. 208-217. In P. Gerhardt(ed.), Manual of methods for general bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
17. Perlman, D. et al. 1977, Culture maintainance, Annual Reports on Ferment Process, 1; 41-48. Acad. Press, New York.
18. Greene, H. C., and E. B. Fred. 1934. Maintenance of vigorous mold stock culture. Ind. Eng. Chem. 26: 1297-1299
19. Perkins, D. D. 1962. Preservation of Neurospora stock cultures with anhydrous silica gel. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: 591-594.
20. Hunt, G. A., A. Gourevitch, and J. Lein. 1958. Preservation of cultures by drying on porcelain beads. J. Bacteriol. 76: 453-454.
21. Onions, A.H.S. 1971. Preservation of fungi, p. 113-159. In C. Booth (ed.), Methods in Microbiology, Vol. 4. Academic Press, London
22. Shear, M.C. 1979. Actinomyces; permanent preservation, p. 54-67. In Workshop on preservation of microorganisms by freezing and freeze-drying. Society for Industrial Microbiology, Arlington, Va.
23. Demain, A.L. 1972. J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol. 22; 345.
24. Hopwood, D.A., M.J. Bibb, K.F. Chater, T. Kiesser, C.J. Bruton, H.M. Kiesser, D.J. Lydiate, C.P. Smith, J.M. Ward, and H. Schrempf. 1985. (Editors) Genetic manipulation of Streptomyces, A Laboratory Manual. The John Innes Foundation, Norwich, UK.
25. Witkin, E.H. 1976. Bacteriol. Rev. 40; 868.
26. Davies, O.L. 1964. Screening for improved mutants in antibiotic research. Biometrics 20; 576-591.
27. Delic, V., D.A. hopwood and E.J. Friend. 1970. Mutagenesis by N-methyl- N`-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(NTG) in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mutation Res. 9; 167-182
28. Kiyoshima. K. et al. 1987. J. Antibiot. 40; 1123.
29. Szybalski, W. 1952. Microbial selection. Part 1. Gradient plate technique for study of bacterial resistance. Science 116; 46-48.
30. Alikhanian, S.I., Mindlin, S.Z., Goldat, S.V. and Vladimizov, A.V. 1959. Genetics of organisms producing tetracyclines. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 81; 914
31. Polsinelli, M. and Ciferri, O. 1965 Relation of biochemical mutations to actinomycin synthesis in Streptomyces antibioticus. J. Gen. Micro. 39; 239-246
32. Itakvra, K. et. al. 1977. Science 198; 1056.
2. Chater, K. F. 1979. (Editor) Genetics of industrial microbiology. pp. 123.
3. Hopwood, D. A., K. F. Chater, J. E. Dowding and A. Vivian. 1973. Advances in Streptomyces coelicolor genetics. Bacteriol. Rev. 37; 371 -405.
4. Kalakoutskii, L. V. and N. S. Agre. 1976. Comparative aspects of development and differentiation in actinomycetes. Bacteriol. Rev. 40; 469 - 524.
5. Peggy, A. R., P. A. McCann, M. A. Pentella and B. M. Pogell. 1979. Simultaneous loss of multiple differentiated functions in aerial mycelium-negative isolates of Streptomyces. J. bacteriol. 137; 891 -899.
6. Hopwood D.A. 1967. Genetic analysis and genome structure in Streptomyces coelicolor. Bacteriol. Rev. 31; 373 - 403
7. Chater, K.F. and M.J. Merrick. 1979. Streptomyces. In Developmental biology of procaryotes, p 93-114. Ed. by Parish, J.H.
8. Chater, K.F. , D.A. Hopwood, T. Kieser, and C.J. Thompson. 1982. Gene cloning in Streptomyces development. In Current topics in microbiology and immunology, pp 65-95 Vol. 96.
9. Herbert, D. 1958. In Recent Progress in Microbiology, VII International Congress for Microbiology. Ed. by G. Tunevall. pp. 381. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm.
10. Dietz, A. 1981. Pure culture methods for industrial microorganism, p. 412-434. In H. J. Rehm and G. Reed(ed.), Biotechnology, vol. 1. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.
11. Gherna, R. L. 1981. Preservation, p. 208-217. In P. Gerhardt(ed.), Manual of method for general bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
12. Heckly, R.J. 1978. Preservation of microorganisms. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 24: 1-53.
13. McDaniel, L.E., and E. G. Bailey. 1968. Liquid nitrigen preservation of standard inoculum gas-phase storage. Appl. Microbiol. 16: 912-916
14. Sokolski, W. T., E. M. Stapert, and E. B. Ferrer. 1964. Liquid nitrogen freezing in microbiology assay systems. I. Preservation of Lactobacillus leichmanii for direct use in the vitamin B12 assay. Appl. Microbiol. 12: 327-329.
15. Lincoln, R. E., 1960, `Control of stock culture preservation and inoculum in bacterial fermentation, J. biochem, Microbiol. Tech. Eng. 2; 481-500.
16. Gherna, R. L. 1981. Preservation, p. 208-217. In P. Gerhardt(ed.), Manual of methods for general bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
17. Perlman, D. et al. 1977, Culture maintainance, Annual Reports on Ferment Process, 1; 41-48. Acad. Press, New York.
18. Greene, H. C., and E. B. Fred. 1934. Maintenance of vigorous mold stock culture. Ind. Eng. Chem. 26: 1297-1299
19. Perkins, D. D. 1962. Preservation of Neurospora stock cultures with anhydrous silica gel. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: 591-594.
20. Hunt, G. A., A. Gourevitch, and J. Lein. 1958. Preservation of cultures by drying on porcelain beads. J. Bacteriol. 76: 453-454.
21. Onions, A.H.S. 1971. Preservation of fungi, p. 113-159. In C. Booth (ed.), Methods in Microbiology, Vol. 4. Academic Press, London
22. Shear, M.C. 1979. Actinomyces; permanent preservation, p. 54-67. In Workshop on preservation of microorganisms by freezing and freeze-drying. Society for Industrial Microbiology, Arlington, Va.
23. Demain, A.L. 1972. J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol. 22; 345.
24. Hopwood, D.A., M.J. Bibb, K.F. Chater, T. Kiesser, C.J. Bruton, H.M. Kiesser, D.J. Lydiate, C.P. Smith, J.M. Ward, and H. Schrempf. 1985. (Editors) Genetic manipulation of Streptomyces, A Laboratory Manual. The John Innes Foundation, Norwich, UK.
25. Witkin, E.H. 1976. Bacteriol. Rev. 40; 868.
26. Davies, O.L. 1964. Screening for improved mutants in antibiotic research. Biometrics 20; 576-591.
27. Delic, V., D.A. hopwood and E.J. Friend. 1970. Mutagenesis by N-methyl- N`-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(NTG) in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mutation Res. 9; 167-182
28. Kiyoshima. K. et al. 1987. J. Antibiot. 40; 1123.
29. Szybalski, W. 1952. Microbial selection. Part 1. Gradient plate technique for study of bacterial resistance. Science 116; 46-48.
30. Alikhanian, S.I., Mindlin, S.Z., Goldat, S.V. and Vladimizov, A.V. 1959. Genetics of organisms producing tetracyclines. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 81; 914
31. Polsinelli, M. and Ciferri, O. 1965 Relation of biochemical mutations to actinomycin synthesis in Streptomyces antibioticus. J. Gen. Micro. 39; 239-246
32. Itakvra, K. et. al. 1977. Science 198; 1056.
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